Vocabulary:
China and Tibet
Qing (Ch'ing / Xing) Dynasty China
- 1st to 9th rank dress
| ranks and bu fu patches |
| |
Civil Officials |
Military Officials |
| 1 (highest) |
仙鹤 white crane |
麒麟 qi lin (Chinese unicorn) |
| 2 |
锦鸡 golden pheasant |
狮子 lion |
| 3 |
孔雀 peacock |
豹 leopard |
| 4 |
鸳鸯 wild goose |
虎 tiger |
| 5 |
白鹇 lophura (silver pheasant) |
熊 bear |
| 6 |
鷺鷥 egret |
彪 juvenile tiger |
| 7 |
鸂鶒 violet mandarin duck |
犀牛 panther |
| 8 |
鹌鹑 quail |
犀牛 rhinocerous |
| 9 |
蓝雀 long-tail flycatcher |
海马 seahorse |
- 108 bead necklace
- ao 袄 (upper garment for women); also see sam
- bei yun (counterweight on back of 108 bead necklace)
- bound feet 缠足, also known as golden lilies 三寸金莲
- bu fu (bufu) / pu fu 补服 (robe with a badge of rank; patched garment)
chang fu (solid robe worn by Manchurians at home as their regular dress)chao fu 朝服 (formal robe, contains 12 symbols; worn by Emperor 12 times each year)chao pao (full court dress "Official Formal Attire" consisting of several elements)- court boots / cloud toe shoes
- emperor yellow
fish pocketgun (lower garment for women, often a skirt)gun fu (imperial surcoat, worn over dragon robe)- high soled shoes: tall shoes with a platform underneath, often immediately under the arch of the foot. They were worn by Manchurian women during Qing Dynasty, when many Han women had their feet bound.
- horse hoof-shaped (horse-shoe) 马蹄袖 cuffs
jadeiao dai (stiffened belt for women worn over the mang ao and under the xia pei)- ku / fu 裤 (trousers)
ling tou (plain, narrow, stiffened standing collar)long pao 龙袍 (robe with 5-clawed dragon; sometimes referred to as ji fu / jifu / qifu / chifu / ch'i fu)mang ao (loose fitting dragon jacket for women) mang chu (dragon skirt for women)mang pao 蟒袍 (robe with 4-clawed python for men, also known as python robe) pao 袍 (long gown for women, often worn in combination with xia pei)pi ling (wide embroidered collar; generally with 4 corners or points) - pearls
phoenix crown (headpiece or coronet)pufu / pu fu: SEE bu fu (bufu)python robe: See mang pao- qi pao (ch'i pao / xi pao) 旗袍 also known as cheong sam (20th Century fitted dress for women)
- queue
- sam (upper garment) fu (lower garment, often trousers) (also 20th Century)
- summer hat (chao guan)
-
twelve-symbol robe: SEE chao fu 朝服
-
winter hat (ji guan)
yun jian (cloud collar, often with several points)xia pei (sleeveless robe for women which can be closed or open on the sides, worn over
the pao)
Formally dressed women often wear the combination of mang ao, xia pei, mang chu, jiao dai and a phoenix crown.
Tibet
chuba (basic Tibetan garment for men and women)khata (scarf, often white, used for ceremonial purposes, related to Tibetan Buddhism)pangden (bangden) (apron for married Tibetan women)
Bibliography for Chinese characters:
- Guo Cai Chao Zhang: Qing Dai Gong Ting Fu Shi. Xianggang: Kang Le Ji Wen Hua Shi Wu Shu, 2013. Print.
- Hua, Mei. Zhongguo Fu Zhuang Shi. Beijing: Zhongguo Fangzhi Chubanshe, 2007. Print.
Last updated: 4/30/2021